Article

Received 10.07.2025

Revised 14.11.2025

Accepted 15.12.2025

Retrieved from Iss. 118, P. 2, 2025

Pages 104 -115

Raikovskyi, V., Shpyh, A., & Malinich, V. (2025). HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR WEIGHING TRANSPORT VEHICLES IN MOTION (WEIGH-IN-MOTION). Automobile Roads and Road Construction, (118.2), 104-115. https://doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2025-118.2-104-115

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR WEIGHING TRANSPORT VEHICLES IN MOTION (WEIGH-IN-MOTION)

Vitaliy Raikovskyi Alona Shpyh Vitalii Malinich

The article analyzes the historical development of weigh-in-motion (WIM) technologies from the 1950s to the present day. It provides an overview of the main types of WIM systems (road, bridge, on-board, low- and high-speed) and modern sensors. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of WIM in Ukraine in 2019–2024, the impact of full-scale invasion on the functioning of the network, and recovery measures. According to official reports, after the introduction of automatic fines, the share of overloaded freight vehicles decreased from 30% to 5-8%. The paper proposes directions for improving software and WIM data analysis methodology for research and design needs. 

in-motion weighing, dynamic load, static load, axle load, vehicle weight, measurement technologies (low-speed and high-speed)

  1. 70 Years of Innovation in Dynamic Weighing! [Електронний ресурс]: https://www.iwim.it/en/dynamic-weighing-history-innovation/

  2. IS-WIM (International Society for Weigh-in-Motion): Guide for users. [Електронний ресурс] https://www.is-wim.net/what-is-wim/introduction/

  3. Piotr Burnos, Dawid Rys. The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems. Sensors 2017, 17(9), 2053; https://doi.org/10.3390/s17092053. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319597622_The_Effect_of_Flexible_Pavement_Mechanics_on_the_Accuracy_of_Axle_Load_Sensors_in_Vehicle_Weigh-in-Motion_Systems

  4. SEA (Weigh-in-Motion). [Електронний ресурс] https://www.sea.com.ua/ua/weight-in-motion/

  5. Low-speed Weigh-in-Motion. [Електронний ресурс] http://www.sterela-its.com/sterela-its-ls-wim.html#gsc.tab=0

  6. IS-WIM (International Society for Weigh-in-Motion): Pavement Engineering. [Електронний ресурс] https://www.is-wim.net/what-is-wim/applications-of-wim-data/pavement-engineering/

  7. Raikovskyi V.F. Udoskonalennya metodu rozrakhunku nadiynosti nezhorstkoho dorozhnoho odyahu pry diyi navantazhennia [Improving the method of the reliability calculation of flexible pavement underload action]. PhD (Ing.). Kyiv, 2021. 211 p. [in Ukrainian].

  8. Vozniuk A. B. Udoskonalennya metodu prohnozuvannya avariyno-nebezpechnykh dilianok na merezhi avtomobilnykh dorih [Improving the method of forecasting hazardous locations on the road network]. PhD (Ing.). Kyiv, 2021. 226 p. [in Ukrainian].

  9. Systema zvazhuvannia v rusi. Tekhnichnyy zvit pro robotu u 2019-2021 rokakh [Weigh in motion system. Technical report on work in 2019-2021]. URL: https://bit.ly/wimrprt21 (Last accessed: 01.09.2022) [in Ukrainian].

  10. Systema zvazhuvannia v rusi. Tekhnichnyy zvit pro robotu u 2019-2021 rokakh [Weigh in motion system. Technical report on work in 2022-2024]. URL: https://bit.ly/wimrprt21 (Last accessed: 17.04.2025) [in Ukrainian].

  11. Hamelyak I.P., Raikovskyi V.F. Analiz zminy koefitsiyentiv pryrostu intensyvnosti transportnykh zasobiv v chasi dlya avtomobilnykh dorih Ukrayiny [Analysis of the change in the coefficients of increase in the intensity of vehicles over time for the roads of Ukraine]. Avtomobilni dorohy i dorozhnie budivnytstvo. 2015. Iss. 94. P. 226–238. [in Ukrainian].

https://doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2025-118.2-104-115