Received 29.06.2025
Revised 27.10.2025
Accepted 15.12.2025
Retrieved from Iss. 118, P. 2, 2025
Pages 194 -202
Abstract
In a compressed state, the flow rate passing through the calculated section and, accordingly, the depth of the flow increases from zero to the maximum value. Then the flow rate and depth gradually decrease back to zero. The opening of the artificial structure is smaller than the width of the flow, which leads to the formation of a backwater in front of the structure, and the flow velocity increases in the structure itself. Thus, when floods pass through small bridges, part of the inflowing water is retained in front of the earthen roadbed. In some cases, the volume of water temporarily accumulated in front of the structure constitutes a significant part of the flood, which can lead to a decrease in the discharge through the structure's opening compared to the maximum inflow to the bridge. In fact, the phenomenon of accumulation is always observed. However, during prolonged floods, this affects the discharge rate. Accounting for accumulation before construction during short floods makes it possible to reduce the size of the structure's opening or lower the height of the embankment. The idea of accounting for accumulation was not used in practical calculations due to the lack of data for constructing calculated hydrographs of runoff, i.e., water inflow to structures. The work of a number of researchers (D. I. Kocherina, Yu. N. Dadenkov, O. A. Rasskazov) and the improvement of runoff standards, which now make it possible to determine not only the maximum flow rate but also the volume of water inflow to the road, currently allow for the accounting of water accumulation in front of the structure during short floods by using simple and convenient calculation methods.
Keywords:
artificial structures, accumulation, hydrograph, runoff volume, discharge rate, log formsBolshakov V.O., Kurghanovich O.O. Hydrological and hydraulic calculations. Kyiv: 1983. 197-200
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