Article

Received 27.07.2022

Revised 11.11.2022

Accepted 15.12.2022

Retrieved from Iss. 112, 2022

Pages 204 -210

Berezina, N., & Mudrak, K. (2022). FUEL CELLS ARE AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY. Automobile Roads and Road Construction, (112), 204-210. https://doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2022-112-204-210

FUEL CELLS ARE AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY

Nataliya Berezina Klavdiya Mudrak

Electricity production by stations operating on coal, natural gas, gasoline, or other energy carriers is carried out according to the scheme: chemical energy of fuel - thermal energy - energy of motion - electricity. Chemical energy in fuel cells is converted into electrical energy, avoiding intermediate stages. At the same time, a significant gain is obtained both in materials and in energy. These devices are long-term chemical current sources. They are environmentally friendly. Their use in the automotive industry also significantly reduces harmful emissions into the environment. There are two areas of PE application: autonomous and large power generation. In particular, FSs can solve today's pressing problem of energy storage: daily and weekly load fluctuations of power systems significantly reduce their efficiency and require so-called maneuvering capacities. One of the options for electrochemical energy storage is a fuel cell in combination with electrolyzers and gas holders (storage for large quantities of gas). The use of PE in a car promises the greatest benefits. Here, like nowhere else, the compactness of PE is indicated. Among all types of FS, FS with a polymer proton exchange membrane as an electrolyte (PEMFC) has currently found the greatest use. They are used in transport (almost 100% of all cars running on hydrogen). The segment of fuel cells with phosphoric acid as an electrolyte (PAFC) is considered the most "mature" among all fuel cell technologies. Advantages: - low requirements for fuel purity; a large resource of work. The main emphasis in their application is large stationary sources of thermal and electrical energy. FSs based on molten carbonate (MCFC) are characterized by high fuel conversion efficiency - electrical efficiency reaches 60%. A new direction is the production of electrical energy with the help of microorganisms in biofuel cells. At the same time, the issue of expanding the raw material base of renewable and economically profitable energy sources (wastewater, industrial and agricultural waste) is being resolved

fuel cells, hydrogen cars, renewable energy
  1. Kuzminskyi, Ye.V., Kolbasov, H.Ya., Tevtul, Ya.Yu., & Holub, N.B. (2003). Non-traditional electrochemical energy conversion systems. Photo-, thermo-, and biofuel cells. Chernivtsi: Ruta.
  2. Kuzminskyi, Ye.V., Shchurska, K.O., & Samarukha, I.A. (2013). Fuel cells. I. Current state of development. Renewable Energy, 1, 90-96.
  3. Vasyliev, O.D., Baklan, V.Yu., & Makordei, F.V. (2010). Ceramic fuel cells: Ukrainian experience. Bulletin of Odesa National University. Chemistry, 15(3), 98-106.
  4. Bagotsky, V.S. (2009). Fuel cells: Problems and solutions. Hoboken: Wiley.
  5. Mykhailiv, M.I., & Saviuliak, P.V. (2012). Creation of local sources of electric energy based on fuel cells. Oil and Gas Energy, 1, 101-112.
  6. Samarukha, I.A. (2016). Biotechnological production of electrical energy using an association of chemoorganotrophic microorganisms. (Abstract of PhD dissertation, Kyiv, Ukraine).
  7. Patent of Ukraine No. 67065, international patent WO 2004/144430 A2. (n.d.).
  8. Trots, A.A., & Bohomolov, M.F. (2017). Ecological power source. In International conference “Kramariv readings” (pp. 47-50).

https://doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2022-112-204-210