UkrainianProfessional Education

Abstract

This article delves into the determination of the physical essence of the working process of bucketless rotary working body in longitudinal digging excavators and the rational choice of their kinematic and geometric parameters. The research was conducted using a physical-mathematical modelling stand for continuous-action earthmoving machinery processes, with a physical model of a bucketless rotary working body of a trenching excavator manufactured at a 1:5 scale. The study explores and elucidates the physical nature of trench excavation using a bucketless rotary working body. The process of soil development involves the extraction of soil chips by the rotor from the mass, the movement of the excavated soil into the internal annular cavities of the rotor, jamming the mentioned soil mass in these cavities, and lifting the soil concentrated in these voids to the unloading node of the rotor through the frictional forces of the soil on the working surfaces of the rotor and soil unloading. The transport of the excavated soil by the rotor for unloading is carried out in a continuous flow, rather than in separate portions, as is the case with the working bodies of traditional design. Forced unloading of soil from the rotor using two-stage unloading nodes allows for effective soil development over a wide range of cutting speeds and fully utilizes any power capacity of the machine's power plant. This advantage of bucketless rotary working bodies in trenching excavators over other traditional designs of working equipment is unique. An analysis of the obtained results of experimental studies of the physical model (1:5 scale) of the bucketless rotary working body of the excavator enabled the determination of the energy intensity of soil excavation, the range of possible changes in the productivity of trenching excavators with bucketless rotary working bodies when changing machine operating modes. It has been proven that the energy intensity of soil excavation with bucketless rotary working bodies is in the range of 0.25…0.30 kWh/m³. Rational values of the constructive parameters of the rotor, namely the width of the rotor's cross-arms and the angle of their installation on the central disk of the rotor, have been established as the main constructive parameters of the rotor

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